By Cecilia Ogezi
Flooding has become a perennial challenge in various parts of Nigeria, with devastating effects on lives, properties, and livelihoods. The increasing frequency of these disasters, notably in Borno, Kogi, and several other states, has drawn the attention of government agencies, private entities, and civil society, all seeking ways to mitigate its impact and prevent future occurrences. The underlying causes, primarily linked to climate change and the poor management of infrastructure such as dams, require a concerted effort across sectors to avert future tragedies. The patterns of rainfall in Nigeria have drastically shifted in recent decades.
The Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) has repeatedly highlighted the role of climate change in altering the rainfall patterns, causing excessive downpours in areas historically spared from such levels of precipitation. These changes have resulted in more frequent flash floods and riverine flooding, especially in low-lying areas. NiMet’s seasonal rainfall predictions have been instrumental in alerting state governments and relevant agencies to potential flood risks. However, despite the early warnings, the challenge remains in the implementation of preventive measures.
The flooding in Kogi and Borno states in recent years illustrates how severe the impact can be when these warnings are not heeded in time. Lives lost, farmlands submerged, and entire communities displaced these are the painful consequences of failing to address the issues linked to climate change. The role of dams in controlling water levels and generating hydroelectric power is crucial. However, poor management of these structures often exacerbates the problem.
The Lagdo Dam in Cameroon, for instance, frequently releases excess water, which flows into the Benue River, triggering floods in Nigeria. While bilateral discussions on better coordination have been ongoing, the reality is that without comprehensive dam management policies both at home and with neighboring countries Nigeria will continue to face the risks associated with dam-induced flooding. The solutions are multifaceted: Dams across the country must be properly maintained, and water levels regulated more effectively.
Emergency preparedness plans must also be developed for communities located near dams. In this regard, NiMet and the Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency (NIHSA) play critical roles in ensuring early warning systems are optimized, and coordination among stakeholders is seamless. Borno State, traditionally plagued by insurgency, has faced an added layer of complexity due to floods.
Displaced persons in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps are particularly vulnerable, as floodwaters compromise already limited resources. The displacement caused by these floods further complicates efforts at resettling communities affected by conflict, highlighting the need for a proactive approach in flood management. Kogi State, situated at the confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers, is another state that experiences frequent flooding.
The geographical location makes it highly susceptible, and the annual floods have led to significant losses in agriculture, property, and infrastructure. Immediate relief efforts, while helpful, are reactive measures that fall short of long-term solutions. Other states like Bayelsa, Delta, and Lagos have not been spared, each contending with their specific vulnerabilities, from rising sea levels to overflowing rivers. The cost of inaction or delayed response is immeasurable, both in human and economic terms.
The Nigerian government, through its relevant agencies, must strengthen collaboration with the private sector and international bodies to devise long-term strategies to mitigate flooding risks. A significant investment is needed in infrastructure, such as the construction of modern drainage systems and the fortification of dams, alongside the dredging of rivers to reduce water levels during heavy rains Private sector involvement is crucial, especially in supporting research and development in flood control technologies. Companies can also play a role in creating public awareness campaigns on the dangers of poor waste disposal, which often contributes to blocked drainage systems, leading to urban flooding.
.Furthermore, preventive measures must be community-driven. Local governments must be empowered to create and implement flood resilience programs that include relocation plans for communities in high-risk zones. Educational campaigns on flood preparedness and the role of individual responsibility in preventing disasters, such as avoiding building on floodplains, must be prioritized. In the end, the importance of preventing the loss of lives and property cannot be overstated. As climate change continues to shape the future of natural disasters globally, Nigeria must embrace a proactive and collaborative approach to forestall the devastating consequences of floods. Only through the combined efforts of NiMet, other government agencies, the private sector, and the communities themselves can we hope to build a future where floods no longer claim lives and livelihoods.
